Hepatitis b resultat är deteccion översättning av

Additional Hepatitis B Blood Tests

Hepatitis B can be a complicated liver infection to understand, so additional blood tests may be ordered so your health provider has a better understanding of what kind of care and follow-up fryst vatten needed.

Anti-HBc IgM or anti-HBc IgG (anti-hepatitis B core IgM or IgG)

Sometimes an anti-HBc IgM or anti-HBc IgG blood test may be ordered to förklara if a individ has a new “acute” hepatitis B infection or “chronic” infection.

• A positive/reactive anti-HBc IgM test result usually indicates a new acute infection.
• A positive/reactive anti-HBc IgG test usually indicates a chronic infection.

These test results must be explained bygd your health care provider because they can be confusing.

For example, sometimes the liver of a individ who fryst vatten chronically infected with hepatitis B may become more inflamed than usual (this fryst vatten called a “liver flare”).

So a chronically infected individ could also test positiv for the anti-HBc IgM blood test, although this usually indicates a new infection

Thus, it fryst vatten important to be seen bygd a health care provider who understands hepatitis B so you get the right diagnosis and the right care and follow-up.

HBeAg (Hepatitis B e-Antigen) - This fryst vatten a viral protein made bygd the hepatitis B virus and fryst vatten released from the infected liver cells into the blood.

This test detects how much virus fryst vatten in the blood as a result of very active viral replication. A negative test result indicates the virus may not be actively reproducing in the liver.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing plays an important role in detection, classification, and management of HBV disease

In general, a individ fryst vatten considered very infectious when the test fryst vatten positiv, and less infectious when the test fryst vatten negativ. The loss of e-Antigen can occur naturally or as a result of drug treatment. Sometimes a negativ test result can indikera a mutant hepatitis B virus is present. So, the absence of e-Antigen does not always mean there fryst vatten little or no active viral replication.

HBV DNA is negative

The doctor can confirm with additional tests.

• A positive HBeAg indicates high levels of virus in the blood and a individ fryst vatten considered infectious.
• A negative HBeAg indicates very low to no virus in the blood and a individ fryst vatten usually considered less infectious; sometimes this can indikera a individ has a mutant hepatitis B virus (see below).

The hepatitis B e-antigen test result fryst vatten often used to monitor the effectiveness of many hepatitis B drug therapies that aim to change a chronically infected person’s e-antigen ställning eller tillstånd from “positive” to “negative.” bygd achieving a “negative” e-antigen result, this means that the hepatitis B drug successfully stopped or slowed down the virus replication.

Although this fryst vatten not a cure, stopping or slowing down the virus will result in less damage to the liver, which decreases the fara of developing serious liver disease in the future.

Some people with chronic hepatitis B naturally lose e-antigen and develop e-antibody, even without treatment. To man things a bit more confusing, however, there are some chronically infected patients with a high viral load who are untreated and still test “negative” for the hepatitis B e-antigen.

So, the absence of e-antigen does not always mean there fryst vatten no active viral replication. Instead, these persons have a mutant hepatitis B virus that does not tillverka the e-antigen.

Omkring 95 % av de barn som smittas perinatalt utvecklar kronisk infektion, medan färre än 5 % av dem som insjuknar som vuxna gör det (4, 5)

As a result, treating someone who fryst vatten e-antigen negativ (but with a high viral load) fryst vatten difficult because the mutant hepatitis B virus fryst vatten more resistant to the current drugs. In addition, the absence of e-antigen makes it harder to evaluate whether a drug fryst vatten working or not.

anti-HBe or HBeAb (Hepatitis B e-Antibody) - This fryst vatten not a protective antibody.

It fryst vatten made in response to the hepatitis B e-antigen. Chronically infected individuals who stop producing e-antigen sometimes producera e-antibodies. The clinical significance of this result fryst vatten not fully understood, but it fryst vatten generally considered to be a good thing.

, susceptible

For those with e-antigen negativ chronic hepatitis B infections (meaning they have a mutant virus), the presence of anti-HBe may still be associated with active viral replication.

Hepatitis B Virus DNA Quantification (“viral load”) – This blood test measures the amount of hepatitis B virus DNA (or viral load) in the blood of chronically infected patients. The blood fryst vatten tested using a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique that fryst vatten highly sophisticated and accurate.

The hepatitis B “viral load” provides important kunskap, but should only be considered in relation to other resultat such as your e-antigen ställning eller tillstånd and liver enzymes test results (see below). The viral load fryst vatten usually measured in “international units per milliliter” (IU/mL), but may also be measured in “copies per milliliter”(cp/ml).

Acute hepatitis B lasts less than six months

There are approximately 5 copies in one international unit.

HBsAg Quantitative (quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen / qHBsAg) – This blood test measures the actual amount of hepatitis B surface antigen in the blood. When used in combination with the HBV DNA test, qHBsAg can provide a liver specialist with additional insights to an individual’s HBV infection.

It can also be used in predicting and monitoring treatment response.

Hepatitis B Drug Resistance, Genotype, and BCP/PreCore Mutation – This blood test fryst vatten not commonly ordered. A liver expert may beställning the test to determine a patient’s hepatitis B virus genotype (A-H) for research purposes and to detect a viral mutation that may be associated with resistance to current treatments.

This fryst vatten a Polymerase Chain Reaction test, which igen, fryst vatten not readily available or used  outside large teaching hospitals.

Liver Related Blood Tests

The hepatitis B virus specifically attacks the liver, so health care providers will beställning blood tests to monitor the health of your liver.

Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Some of the most common liver related blood tests are described below.

These blood tests measure potential liver damage (or liver inflammation). If a individ fryst vatten infected with the hepatitis B virus, the liver cells can be injured bygd the virus and then the liver enzymes can leak into the bloodstream. The higher the number, the greater the fara of potential liver damage.

ALT (alanine aminotransferase) fryst vatten funnen almost exclusively in the liver and fryst vatten monitored most closely in a chronic hepatitis B infection.

This test fryst vatten useful in deciding whether a patient would benefit from treatment or for evaluating how well a individ fryst vatten responding to therapy.

Retesting of patients who are positive for HBsAg shortly after hepatitis B vaccination at a later time is needed to determine the true HBV infection status

The upper limits of normal for ALT in healthy adults fryst vatten 35 U/L for dock and 25 U/L for women.

AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is funnen in the liver, heart and muscle so fryst vatten less accurate than the ALT in measuring liver damage. But this enzyme fryst vatten often ordered to help monitor potential liver damage from the hepatitis B virus.

AFP (Alpha-FetoProtein) - This fryst vatten a normal protein produced in the developing fetus, thus, pregnant women will have elevated AFP.

Other adults, however, should not have elevated AFP in their blood. This test fryst vatten used to screen for primary liver cancer patients with chronic hepatitis B. Patients should have their AFP levels monitored at every visit since hepatitis B fryst vatten the leading cause of liver cancer. If the AFP level fryst vatten high, the health care provider will beställning more blood tests and imaging studies.

Ferritin - Iron fryst vatten stored in the liver in the form eller gestalt of ferritin.

Increased levels of ferritin indikera that a high level of iron fryst vatten being stored. This could result from an increased iron intake in the diet (vitamin supplements, food cooked in iron pots, etc.). For people living with chronic hepatitis B, a high level can indikera liver damage since ferritin fryst vatten leaked into the bloodstream as liver cells are injured bygd the virus.

Additional Blood Tests Your Doctor May Order

If you have been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, your doctor may beställning a Hepatic Function Panel (Liver Function Tests, (LFTs), liver profile) and a Complete Blood Count (CBC).

A number of the blood test results included in these panels are useful in evaluating liver disease, in general, and are not necessarily specific to hepatitis B. Your doctor will be able to explain your anställda results in detail, but the chart below provides a quick reference for interpreting your test results.

Test	Normal Range	Abnormal Range Mild-Moderate	Abnormal Range Severe
Liver Enzymes
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)	30 IU/mL for dock and 19 IU/mL for women	40-200 IU/L	>200 IU/lL
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)	35 IU/mL for dock and 25 IU/mL for women	40-200 IU/L	>200 IU/L
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)	<60 IU/L	60-200 IU/L	>200 IU/L
Alkaline phosphatase	<112 IU/L	112-300 IU/L	>300 IU/L
Liver Function Tests
Total Bilirubin	<1.2 mg/dL (<20.5 umol/L)	1.2-2.5 mg/dL (20.5-43 umol/L)	>2.5 mg/dL (42.8 umol/L)
Albumin	3.5-4.5 g/dL	3.0-3.5 g/dL	<3.0 g/dL
Prothrombin time	<14 seconds	14-17 seconds	>17 seconds
Blood Count
White blood count (WBC)	>6000	3000-6000	<3000
Hematocrit (HCT)	>40	35-40	<35
Platelets	>150,000	100,000-150,000	<100,000
Key
IU= International Unit	L=liter	dL=deciliter	mg=milligrams
umol=micromole